|
back |
 left:ISS002-701-261 Image courtesy of the Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, NASA Johnson Space Center. http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov 'Upolu With ca. 1110 km sq 'Upolu ist the second largest of Samoa's islands. In the island's centre lies the Mt. Fito, the highest point of 'Upolu, but the spot hights are given with 1100 to 1116 m. Apia, Samoa's capital lies in the north of the island. In 1890 Robert Louis Stevenson, the author of the famous 'treasure island' settled down on 'Upolu. He bought a piece of land and was very respected by the natives, which called him tusitala - story teller, because he put himself out for their interests and antagonized the colonial rulers. Stevenson died 1894 with only 44 years. He was buried not far away from the capital on the Mt. Vaea. |
 left:rainforest on 'Upolu This photograph was taken around 1970, most of the native vegetation is now regrettably destroyed. Photo: Angela K. Keppler http://www.pbif.org |
| Flora of 'Upolu (incomplete) (fat = endemic, green = pictures) Abrodictyum asae-grayi, Abrodictyum caudatum, Abrodictyum dentatum, Abrus precatorius, Acacia simplex, Acrosorus reineckei, Acrostichum aureum, Adenostemma viscosum, Adiantum diaphanum, Adiantum philippense, Aglaia samoensis, Agrostophyllum megalurum, Aidia racemosa, Allophylus timoriensis, Alphitonia zizyphoides, Alpinia samoensis, Alsophila plagiostegia, Alstonia costata, Alyxia bracteolosa, Alyxia erythrosperma, Alyxia septangularis, Alyxia stellata, Amyema artensis, Anacolosa insularis, Angiopteris evecta, Angiopteris opaca, Antidesma excavatum, Antrophyum plantagineum, Antrophyum reticulatum, Antrophyum subfalcatum, Appendiculata bracteosa, Arachniodes aristata, Aristolochia cortinata, Arthropteris palisotii, Arthropteris repens, Arytera oligolepis, Arytera samoensis, Ascarina diffusa, Asplenium amboinense, Asplenium caudatum, Asplenium cuneatum, Asplenium excisum, Asplenium insiticium, Asplenium laserpitiifolium, Asplenium lobulatum, Asplenium marattioides, Asplenium nidus, Asplenium polyodon, Asplenium shuttleworthianum, Asplenium tenerum, Asplenium unilaterale, Astronidium navigatorum, Astronidium pickeringii, Astronidium samoense, Astronidium subcordatum, Athyrium oosorum, Baccaurea taitensis, Balaka tahitensis, Barringtonia asiatica, Barringtonia samoensis, Bischofia javanica, Blechnum chambersii, Blechnum vulcanicum, Blumea milnei (ex), Boehmeria virgata, Boerhavia albiflora, Bolbitis lonchophora, Botrychium daucifolium, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Buchanania merrillii, Bulbophyllum atrorubens, Bulbophyllum betchei, Bulbophyllum ebulbe, Bulbophyllum longiflorum, Bulbophyllum longiscapum, Bulbophyllum membranaceum, Bulbophyllum pachyanthum, Bulbophyllum samoanum, Bulbophyllum savaiense, Caesalpinia bonduc, Calanthe alta, Calanthe hololeuca, Calanthe triplicata, Callistopteris apiifolia, Calochlaena straminea, Calophyllum inophyllum, Calophyllum neo-ebudicum, Calymmodon latealatus, Canarium vitiense, Canavalia rosea, Canavalia sericea, Canthium merrillii, Carex maculata, Cassytha filiformis, Cayratia acuminata, Cenchrus calyculatus (ex), Centotheca lappacea (?), Ceratophyllum demersum (?), Cerbera manghas, Chamaesyce fosbergii, Chariessa samoensis, Chionanthus vitiensis, Chrysoglossum ornatum, Cinnamomum elegans, Cinnamomum pallidum, Citronella samoensis, Clerodendrum inerme, Clinostigma samoense, Cocos nucifera, Coelogyne lycastoides, Collospermum samoense, Commersonia bartramia, Coniogramme fraxinea, Coprosma savaiiensis, Cordia aspera, Cordia subcordata, Corybas betchei (ex), Corymborkis veratrifolia, Crateva religiosa, Crepidium reineckeanum, Crepidium resupinatum, Crepidium samoense, Crepidium tetralobum, Crepidomanes assimilis, Crepidomanes bipunctatum, Crepidomanes humile, Crepidomanes intermedium, Crepidomanes saxifragoides, Crossostylis biflora, Cryptocarya wilderiana, Cryptostylis arachnites, Ctenitis samoensis, Ctenopterella blechnoides, Ctenopterella lepida, Cyathea decurrens, Cyathea scabra, Cyclosorus bryanii, Cyclosorus costatus, Cyclosorus dentatus, Cyclosorus glandulifera var. angusta, Cyclosorus harveyi, Cyclosorus hochreutneri, Cyclosorus interruptus, Cyclosorus invisus, Cyclosorus polycarpus, Cyclosorus reineckei, Cyclosorus rodigasianus, Cyclosorus subjuncta, Cyclosorus transversarius, Cyclosorus unitus, Cyclosorus vaupelii, Cyperus cyperinus, Cyperus javanicus, Cyperus odoratus, Cyperus seemannianus, Cypholophus macrocephalus var. mollis, Cyrtandra campanulata, Cyrtandra denhami var. glaberima, Cyrtandra funkii, Cyrtandra godeffroyi, Cyrtandra graeffei, Cyrtandra hufnagelii, Cyrtandra kraemeri, Cyrtandra kruegeri, Cyrtandra mamolea, Cyrtandra pogonantha, Cyrtandra richii, Cyrtandra samoensis, Davallia denticulata var. elata, Davallia graeffei, Decaisnina forsteriana, Dendrobium biflorum, Dendrobium calcaratum, Dendrobium catillare, Dendrobium dactylodes, Dendrobium goldfinchii, Dendrobium lepidochilum, Dendrobium mohlianum, Dendrobium reineckei, Dendrobium samoense, Dendrobium scirpoides, Dendrobium sladei, Dendrobium whistleri, Dendrocnide harveyi, Dendrolobium umbellatum, Dennstaedtia flaccida, Dennstaedtia samoensis, Dennstaedtia scandens, Deparia petersenii ssp. congrua, Dicksonia brackenridgei, Dicliptera samoensis, Dicranopteris linearis, Didymoglossum tahitense, Didymoplexis micradenia, Diospyros elliptica, Diospyros samoensis, Diplaziopsis javanica, Diplazium bulbiferum, Diplazium dilatatum, Diplazium echinatum, Diplazium esculentum, Diplazium harpeodes, Diplazium proliferum, Diplocaulobium fililobum, Dodonaea viscosa, Doryopteris concolor, Dracontomelon vitiense, Drynaria rigidula, Dryopteris dissecta, Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum, Dysoxylum huntii, Dysoxylum maota, Dysoxylum samoense, Earina valida, Elaeocarpus magnifolius, Elaeocarpus tonganus, Elaeocarpus ulianus, Elaphoglossum callifolium, Elatostema angustifolium, Elatostema engleri, Elatostema funkii, Elatostema graeffei, Elatostema grandifolium, Elatostema kraemeri, Elatostema paxii, Elatostema samoense, Elatostema strictum, Eleocharis dulcis, Embelia vaupelii, Endiandra elaeocarpa, Entada phaseoloides, Epiblastus sciadanthus, Epipremnum pinnatum, Eria kingii, Eria robusta, Eria rostriflora, Erythrina fusca, Erythrina variegata, Erythrodes oxyglossa, Erythrodes purpurascens, Etlingera cevuga, Eugenia reinwardtiana, Euphorbia reineckei, Eurya japonica var. ?, Eurya richii, Fagraea berteroana, Faradaya amicorum, Ficus ciliata, Ficus godeffroyi, Ficus graeffei, Ficus longecuspidata, Ficus obliqua, Ficus prolixa, Ficus tinctoria, Ficus uniauriculata, Fimbristylis dichotoma, Flacourtia rukam, Flagellaria gigantea, Flickingeria comata, Flueggea flexuosa, Freycinetia hombronii, Freycinetia reineckei, Freycinetia samoensis, Freycinetia storckii, Garcinia myrtifolia, Garcinia sessilis, Gardenia lanutoo, Gardenia taitensis, Geniostoma rupestre, Geodorum densiflorum, Geophila repens, Gironniera celtidifolia, Glochidion ramiflorum var. samoanum, Glomera montana, Goniophylepium subauriculatum, Goodyera rubicunda, Gossypium hirsutum var. taitense, Grewia crenata, Guettarda speciosa, Guioa rhoifolia, Habenaria monogyne, Halophila ovalis, Halophila ovalis ssp. bullosa, Haplopteris elongata, Haplopteris rigida var. samoensis, Haplopteris scolopendrina, Hedycarya denticulata, Heliotropium foertherianum, Hernandia moerenhoutiana ssp. samoensis, Hernandia nymphaeifolia, Hetaeria oblongifolia, Hetaeria whitmeei, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Homalanthus acuminatus, Homalanthus nutans, Homalium acuminatum, Hoya attenuata, Hoya australis ssp. tenuipes, Hoya chlorantha, Hoya chlorantha var. tutuilensis, Hoya diptera, Hoya filiformis, Hoya pubescens, Hoya pycnophylla, Hoya samoensis, Hoya upoluensis, Hoya vitiensis, Huperzia phlegmarioides, Huperzia squarrosa, Hymenophyllum digitatum, Hymenophyllum dilatatum, Hymenophyllum feejeense, Hymenophyllum imbricatum, Hymenophyllum polyanthos, Hymenophylum powellii, Hymenophylla praetervisum, Hypolepis aspidioides, Hypolepis tenuifolia, Inocarpus fagifer, Intsia bijuga, Ipomoea pes-caprae ssp. brasiliensis, Ixora amplifolia, Ixora gigantea, Ixora inodora, Ixora upoluensis, Jasminum betchei, Jasminum didymum, Joinvillea bryanii, Kleinhovia hospita, Laportea interrupta, Lastreopsis davallioides, Lastreopsis velutina, Lemmaphyllum accedens, Lemna aequinoctialis, Leptopteris wilkesiana, Leucas decemdentata, Leucostegia pallida, Leucosyke corymbulosa, Limnophila fragrans, Lindernia crustacea, Lindsaea pickeringii, Lindsaea propinqua, Lindsaea repens var. sessilis, Lindsaea tenuifolia, Lindsaea tetragona, Liparis condylobulbon, Liparis layardii, Litsea samoensis, Lomagramma cordipinna, Lomariopsis brackenridgei, Loxogramme parksii, Lycianthes vitiensis, Lycopodiella cernua, Macaranga grayana, Macaranga harveyana, Macaranga stipulosa, Machaerina falcata, Macropiper puberulum, Macropiper timothianum, Maesa nemoralis, Maesa samoana, Manilkara dissecta, Manilkara hoshinoi, Maoutia samoensis, Mapania macrocephala ssp. longifolia, Medinilla amoena, Mediocalcar paradoxum, Medusanthera samoensis, Melastoma denticulatum, Melicope albiflora, Melicope latifolia, Melicope retusa, Melicytus samoensis, Melochia odorata, Merremia peltata, Meryta capitata, Meryta macrophylla, Meryta mauluulu, Metrosideros collina, Metroxylon paulcoxii, Metroxylon warburgii, Microlepia nudisora, Microlepia speluncae, Micromelum minutum, Microsorum commutatum, Microsorum membranifolium, Microsorum powellii, Microtatorchis samoensis, Miscanthus floridulus, Moerenhoutia heteromorpha, Monogramma paradoxa, Morinda bucidifolia, Morinda citrifolia, Morinda myrtifolia, Mucuna gigantea, Mucuna glabra, Myristica fatua, Myristica hypargyrea, Myristica inutilis, Neonauclea forsteri, Nephrolepis biserrata, Nephrolepis cordifolia, Nephrolepis hirsutula, Nervilia aragoana, Oberonia equitans, Oberonia heliophila, Ochrosia oppositifolia, Oldenlandia biflora, Oleandra christophersenii, Oleandra neriiformis, Operculina turpethum, Ophioglossum nudicaule, Ophioglossum pendulum, Oreogrammitis conformis, Oreogrammitis hookeri, Pachypleuria repens, Palaquium stehlinii, Pandanus tectorius, Paspalum orbiculare, Paspalum vaginatum, Passiflora aurantia, Pemphis acidula, Peperomia biformis, Peperomia blanda var. floribunda, Peperomia christophersenii, Peperomia lonchophylloides, Peperomia novemnervia, Peperomia pallida, Peperomia rechingerae, Peperomia rechingerae var. aopoana, Peperomia rechingerae var. subrepens, Peperomia reineckei, Peperomia reineckei var. glabrior, Peperomia reineckei var. umbricola, Peperomia samoensis, Peperomia samoensis var. glabrescens, Peristylus tradescantifolius, Peristylus whistleri, Phaius tankervilleae, Phaius terrestris, Phaleria disperma, Phreatia matthewsii, Phreatia micrantha, Phreatia minima, Phreatia paleata, Phyllanthus virgatus, Piper graeffei, Piper graeffei var. cordatum, Pipturus argenteus var. lanosus, Pisonia umbellifera, Planchonella garberi, Planchonella torricellensis, Polyphlebium endlicherianum, Polyscias reineckei, Polyscias samoensis, Polystichum aculeatum, Polystichum aculeatum var. samoensis, Pomatocalpa vaupelii, Pometia pinnata, Pongamia pinnata, Portulaca lutea, Premna serratifolia, Pristiglottis longiflora, Procris pedunculata, Prosaptia alata, Prosaptia deltoideophylla, Psilotum complanatum, Psilotum nudum, Psychotria apodantha, Psychotria chlorocalyx, Psychotria closterocarpa, Psychotria forsteriana, Psychotria geminodes, Psychotria gigantopus, Psychotria forsteriana, Psychotria geminodes, Psychotria gigantopus, Psychotria grandistipulata, Psychotria grayana, Psychotria insularum, Psychotria leiophylla, Psychotria oncocarpa, Psychotria pacifica, Psychotria reineckei, Psychotria samoana, Psychotria savaiiensis, Psychotria sclerocarpa, Psychotria xanthochlora, Pteris comans, Pteris ensiformis, Pteris mertensioides, Pteris pacifica, Pteris pacifica var. eximia, Pteris tripartita, Pteris vaupelii, Ptisana smithii, Pyrrosia lanceolata, Reynoldsia lanutoensis, Reynoldisa pleiosperma, Rhapidophora spuria, Rhizophora mangle, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhopalephora vitiensis, Rhus taitensis, Rhynchospora corymbosa, Saccoloma inaequale, Sapindus saponaria, Sarcopygme pacifica, Scaevola taccada, Schefflera samoensis, Schizostachyum glaucifolium, Schoenorchis micrantha, Scirpodendron ghaeri, Scleria lithosperma, Scleria polycarpa, Scleroglossum sulcatum, Selaginella firmula, Selaginella hochreutineri, Selaginella laxa, Selaginella reineckei, Selaginella whitmeei, Selliguea feeioides, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Solanum americanum, Solanum repandum, Solanum viride, Solfia samoensis, Sophora tomentosa, Spathoglottis pacifica, Spathoglottis plicata, Sphaeropteris lunulata, Sphaeropteris subsessilis, Sphaeropteris truncata, Sphaeropteris vaupelii, Sphaeropteris whitmeei, Spiraeanthemum samoense, Stenochlaena palustris, Stephania japonica var. timoriensis, Sterculia fanaiho, Sticherus oceanicus, Streblus anthropophagorum, Strongylodon lucidus, Suriana maritima, Syringodium isoetifolium, Syzygium amicorum, Syzygium curvistylum, Syzygium effusum, Syzygium inophylloides, Syzygium neurocalyx, Syzygium oligadelphum, Syzygium patentinerve, Syzygium richii, Syzygium rubescens, Syzygium samoense, Syzygium savaiiense, Tabernaemontana pandacaqui, Tacca leontopetaloides, Tacca maculata, Taeniophyllum fasciola, Tarenna sambucina, Tectaria crenata, Tectaria decurrens, Tectaria stearnsii, Teprosia purpurea, Terminalia catappa, Terminalia richii, Terminalia samoensis, Thelasis carinata, Thespesia populnea, Thrixspermum graeffei, Thuarea involuta, Trema discolor, Trichomanes bimarginatum, Triumfetta procumbens, Tylophora samoensis, Vandenboschia maximum, Vigna adenantha, Vigna marina, Vitex trifolia, Vrydagzynea samoana, Vrydagzynea vitiensis, Weinmannia affinis, Weinmannia samoensis, Wikstroemia coriacea, Wollastonia biflora, Ximenia americana, Xylosma samoense, Zehneria grayana, Zehneria samoensis, Zeuxine plantaginea, Zeuxine stenophylla |
| References: - Carl Christensen; A. H. G. Alston: A revision of the Pteridophyta of Samoa. Bishop Mus. Bull. 177. 1943 - J. Morton; M. Richards; S. Mildner; L. Bell: The Shore Ecology of Upolu, Western Samoa. University of Auckland, Leigh Laboratory Bulletin No. 31. 1993 - Phillip Cribb; W. Arthur Whistler: Orchids of Samoa. Kew Publishing, 1996 |